Method of attaching a mesh to a coated loop member of a surgical snare device

ABSTRACT

This specification describes methods of attaching a mesh to a loop member, which includes covering a wire with a layer, manipulating the wire along with the layer to form the loop member, placing the mesh over the loop member, transferring heat to the layer to cause it to partially melt and become tacky, allowing the mesh to fuse with the tacky layer and form a secure bond on cooling, and trimming portions of the mesh extending beyond the circumference of the loop member. A retrieval device formed by the methods include the loop member and attached mesh positioned, and longitudinally movable within, a tubular sheath. The loop member and mesh are deployed to capture a target object and partially retracted for removal of the object.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application relies on, for priority, U.S. Patent ProvisionalApplication No. 62/245,319, entitled “Method of Attaching a Mesh to aCoated Loop Member of a Surgical Snare Device” and filed on Oct. 23,2015.

The present application is a continuation-in-part application to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/858,622 (Publication No. 20160081702),entitled “Method of Attaching A Mesh to A Coated Loop Member of aSurgical Snare Device”, and filed on Sep. 18, 2015, which relies on, forpriority, both U.S. Patent Provisional Application No. 62/052,538,entitled “Method of Attaching a Mesh to a Coated Loop Member of aSurgical Snare Device” and filed on Sep. 19, 2014, and U.S. PatentProvisional Application No. 62/162,786, entitled “Method of Attaching aMesh to a Coated Loop Member of a Surgical Snare Device” and filed onMay 17, 2015.

The above-mentioned applications are herein incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

FIELD

The present specification relates generally to surgical instruments.More particularly, the present specification relates to a surgical snaredevice used to remove objects from a body lumen wherein a mesh or net isfused and bonded with a coated loop member of the surgical snare device.

BACKGROUND

Existing surgical devices for grasping and removing foreign objects frombody organs or cavities include mechanically actuated forceps,mechanically actuated snares or mechanically actuated baskets. Each ofthese surgical devices may be positioned within the body underendoscopic, fluoroscopic or direct visualization.

Mechanically actuated snares include an assembly of a flexible webmember mounted on a loop of wire enclosed within a sheath. The loop ofwire can be extended beyond the sheath to automatically expand into ashaped opening and, as a result, also open the attached/mounted webmember into a capture pocket. The size of the opening is controlled bythe length of wire advanced beyond the end of the sheath. In use, afterthe snare is positioned adjacent an object, the wire is advanced beyondthe end of the sheath until a loop larger than the object is formed. Theloop is then positioned until the web member and a plane of the loopencompass the object. The sheath is then advanced and the wire retractedso that the loop and the web member close around and ensnare/trap theobject.

The web member is typically attached to the loop of wire through weavingand/or by using clips or ringlets along a circumference of the loop ofwire. When the loop is withdrawn into the sheath, to close the looparound an object, the strands of material connecting the web member tothe loop and in some instances the material comprising the web membermay slide along the loop and became concentrated at a distal end of theloop. The web material may also bunch together and become interposedbetween the object and the distal end of the loop. Similarly, thepresence of clips or ringlets by which the web member is joined to theloop may also interfere with and make more difficult and time consumingthe capturing of the object.

There is thus a need in the art for an improved method of attaching orconnecting a web member, mesh or net to a loop member of a surgicalsnare device, such that it does not interfere with the procedure.

SUMMARY

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described andillustrated in conjunction with systems, tools and methods, which aremeant to be exemplary and illustrative, and not limiting in scope. Thepresent application discloses numerous embodiments.

The present specification discloses a method of attaching a mesh to aloop member, the method comprising the steps of: manipulating a wire toform a loop member having a shape, wherein the wire is of a firstmaterial; applying a layer of adhesive to the loop member; placing themesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of a second material,wherein the mesh at least partially covers a circumference of the loopmember and wherein portions of the mesh extend beyond a circumference ofthe loop member; exposing the adhesive to an energy source while themesh is positioned over the loop member; allowing the mesh to bond withsaid adhesive; and trimming said portions of the mesh extending beyondthe circumference of the loop member, wherein the loop member along withthe attached mesh is configured to be collapsible by retracting the loopmember and attached mesh into a lumen of a sheath and expandable to saidshape by extending the loop member and attached mesh out of said sheath.

The energy source may be at least one of a heat radiating oven, anultraviolet radiation source, an infrared radiation source, and a lasersource.

The shape of said loop member may be any one of oval, circular, teardrop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral, or polygonal.

Optionally, the loop member has a first dimension along a longitudinalaxis passing through a center of the loop member and a second dimensionalong another axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and alsopassing through the center of the loop member. The first dimension maybe longer than said second dimension. The first dimension may range from30 to 70 millimeters and the second dimension may range from 15 to 40millimeters. The first dimension may be equal to said second dimension.The first dimension may be less than said second dimension.

The first material of said wire may be at least one of Nitinol, steel orstainless steel.

Optionally, said mesh, after bonding, has a pouch at a center of theloop member.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: coating a wire of afirst material with a layer of a second material; manipulating the wireand the layer to form the loop member, wherein the loop member has ashape and wherein the loop member has a first dimension along alongitudinal axis passing through a center of the loop member and asecond dimension along another axis perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis and also passing through the center of the loop member; placing themesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of a third material,wherein the mesh at least partially covers a circumference of the loopmember and wherein portions of the mesh extend beyond a circumference ofthe loop member; transferring heat to the layer to cause the secondmaterial to partially melt and have increased tackiness while the meshis positioned over the loop member; allowing the mesh to bond togetherwith said second material of said layer along a circumference of saidloop member and form a secure bond on cooling; and trimming saidportions of the mesh extending beyond the circumference of the loopmember, wherein the loop member along with the attached mesh isconfigured to be collapsible by retracting the loop member along withthe attached mesh into a lumen of a sheath and to be expandable to saidshape by extending the loop member along with the attached mesh out ofsaid sheath.

The shape of the loop member may be any one of oval, circular, teardrop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral, and polygonal.

The first dimension may be longer than said second dimension. The firstdimension may range from 30 to 70 millimeters and the second dimensionmay range from 15 to 40 millimeters.

The first dimension may be equal to said second dimension. The firstdimension may be less than said second dimension.

The first material of said wire may be at least one of Nitinol, steel orstainless steel.

The third material of said mesh may be at least one of Nylon or PET.

Optionally, said loop member is heated by exposing said loop member tohot air, wherein said hot air has a temperature within a range of 120 to180° C. or a temperature within a range of the melting temperature ofthe second material.

Optionally, said mesh, after bonding, has a pouch at the center of theloop member.

The present specification also discloses a retrieval device comprising:a flexible wire loop; a bonding material layered over said wire loop; amesh bonded to said bonding material configured to form a net having anopening circumscribed by said wire loop, wherein said mesh has beenfixedly bonded to said bonding material through a process of heatingsaid bonding material to a tacky state, placing an outer edge of saidmesh over said bonding material, and allowing said bonding material tocool; and a tubular sheath comprising an elongate body, a proximal end,a distal end, and a lumen within, wherein said flexible wire loop withbonded mesh is adapted to be retractable into said lumen and adapted tobe extendable out of said lumen through an opening at said distal end ofsaid tubular sheath by manipulation of a link member positioned at saidproximal end of said tubular sheath and wherein at least one of saidloop and said mesh comprise a color such then when exposed to light in afirst wavelength range, reflects light having a wavelength range of 400nm to 570 nm and 620 nm to 750 nm and absorbs light having a wavelengthrange of 571 nm to 619 nm.

Optionally, said mesh comprises a plurality of pores.

The pores may have a hexagonal, circular, triangular, square,rectangular, pentagonal or multi-sided polygonal shape.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: manipulating a wireto form a loop member having a shape, wherein the wire is of a firstmaterial; applying a layer of adhesive to the loop member; placing themesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of a second material,wherein the mesh at least partially covers a circumference of the loopmember and wherein portions of the mesh extend beyond a circumference ofthe loop member; exposing the adhesive to ultraviolet radiation whilethe mesh is held over the loop member; allowing the mesh to bond withsaid adhesive; and trimming said portions of the mesh extending beyondthe circumference of the loop member, wherein the loop member along withthe attached mesh is collapsible by retracting into a lumen of a sheathand expandable to said shape when extended out of said sheath.

The shape of said loop member may be any one of oval, circular, teardrop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral, or polygonal.

The loop member may have a first dimension along a longitudinal axispassing through a center of the loop member and a second dimension alonganother axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and also passingthrough the center of the loop member. The first dimension may be longerthan said second dimension. Optionally, said first dimension ranges from30 to 70 millimeters and said second dimension ranges from 15 to 40millimeters. Alternatively, said first dimension is equal to said seconddimension. Still alternatively, first dimension is less than said seconddimension.

The first material of said wire may be at least one of Nitinol, steel orstainless steel.

The second material of said mesh may be polymeric. Optionally, thesecond material of said mesh is at least one of Nylon, PET or Pebax.

The mesh, after bonding, may have a pouch at a center of the loopmember.

The present specification also discloses a retrieval device comprising:a flexible wire loop; a bonding material layered over said wire loop; amesh bonded to said bonding material to create a net having an openingcircumscribed by said wire loop, wherein said mesh has been fixedlybonded to said bonding material through a process of heating saidbonding material to a slightly sticky, partially wet, or tacky state,placing an outer edge of said mesh over said bonding material, andallowing said bonding material to cool; and a tubular sheath comprisingan elongate body, a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen within,wherein said flexible wire loop with bonded mesh is retractable intosaid lumen and extendable out of said lumen through an opening at saiddistal end of said tubular sheath by manipulation of a transmission linkpositioned at said proximal end of said tubular sheath.

In some embodiments, the mesh comprises a plurality of pores.Optionally, said pores have a hexagonal, circular, triangular, square,rectangular, pentagonal or multi-sided polygonal shape.

Optionally, the layer and/or said mesh comprise a color such then whenexposed to light in a first wavelength range, reflects light in a secondwavelength range. Still optionally, the first wavelength range is 400 to750 nm. Still optionally, the second wavelength range is 380 to 750 nm.Still optionally, wavelengths in the range of 571 to 619 nm are excludedfrom said second wavelength range.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: coating a wire of afirst material with a layer of a second material; manipulating the wireand the layer to form the loop member, wherein the loop member has ashape and wherein the loop member has a first dimension along alongitudinal axis passing through a center of the loop member and asecond dimension along another axis perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis and also passing through the center of the loop member; placing themesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of a third material,wherein the mesh at least partially covers a circumference of the loopmember and wherein portions of the mesh extend beyond a circumference ofthe loop member; transferring heat to the layer to cause the secondmaterial to partially melt and become tacky, slightly sticky, orpartially wet while the mesh is held over the loop member; allowing themesh to bond together with said partially melted and tacky secondmaterial of said layer along a circumference of said loop member andform a secure bond on cooling; and trimming said portions of the meshextending beyond the circumference of the loop member, wherein the loopmember along with the attached mesh is configured to be collapsible byretracting into a lumen of a sheath and expandable to said shape whenextended out of said sheath.

The shape of the loop member may be any one of oval, circular, teardrop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral, and polygonal.

Optionally, said first dimension is longer than said second dimension.Still optionally, said first dimension ranges from 30 to 70 millimetersand said second dimension ranges from 15 to 40 millimeters.Alternatively, said first dimension is equal to said second dimension.Still alternatively, said first dimension is less than said seconddimension.

The first material of said wire may be at least one of Nitinol, steel orstainless steel. Optionally, the second material of said layer ispolymeric. Still optionally, the second material of said layer is atleast one of: Nylon, Pebax or PET.

Optionally, the third material of said mesh is polymeric. Stilloptionally, the third material of said mesh is at least one of Nylon orPET.

The layer may be coated over said wire.

Optionally, said layer comprises a hollow tube into which said wire isinserted.

Optionally, said mesh has a shape approximating said shape of said loopmember.

The heat may be transferred to said second material of said layer byheating said wire. The wire may be heated electrically using an externalelectrical source. The heat may be transferred to said second materialof said layer by heating said loop member while said mesh is held oversaid loop member. Optionally, said loop member is heated by exposingsaid loop member to hot air, wherein said hot air has a temperaturewithin a range of 120 to 180° C. or within a range of the meltingtemperature of the second material.

Optionally, said layer has a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm.

The mesh, after bonding, may have a pouch at the center of the loopmember.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: manipulating a wireto form a shaped wire, wherein the wire is of a first material; coveringthe shaped wire with a layer of a second material to form the loopmember; placing the mesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of athird material, wherein the mesh at least partially covers acircumference of the loop member and wherein portions of the mesh extendbeyond a circumference of the loop member; transferring heat to thelayer to cause the second material to partially melt and become tacky,slightly sticky, or partially wet while the mesh is held over the loopmember; allowing the mesh to bond with said partially melted and tackysecond material of said layer; and trimming said portions of the meshextending beyond the circumference of the loop member, wherein the loopmember along with the attached mesh is collapsible by retracting into alumen of a sheath and expandable to said shape when extended out of saidsheath.

The shape of said wire may be any one of oval, circular, tear drop,square, rectangular, quadrilateral, or polygonal.

The loop member may have a first dimension along a longitudinal axispassing through a center of the loop member and a second dimension alonganother axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and also passingthrough the center of the loop member. The first dimension may be longerthan said second dimension. Optionally, said first dimension ranges from30 to 70 millimeters and said second dimension ranges from 15 to 40millimeters. Alternatively, said first dimension is equal to said seconddimension. Still alternatively, said first dimension is less than saidsecond dimension.

The first material of said wire may be at least one of Nitinol, steel orstainless steel.

The second material of said layer may be polymeric. Optionally, thesecond material of said layer is at least one of Nylon, PET or Pebax.

The third material of said mesh may be polymeric. Optionally, the thirdmaterial of said mesh is at least one of Nylon or PET.

The layer may be coated over said shaped wire.

Optionally, said layer is a hollow tube into which said shaped wire isinserted.

Heat may be transferred to said second material of said layer by heatingsaid shaped wire. Optionally, said shaped wire is heated electricallyusing an external electrical source.

Heat may be transferred to said second material of said layer by heatingsaid loop member while said mesh is held over said loop member.Optionally, said loop member is heated by exposing said loop member to ablast of hot air, wherein said hot air has a temperature within a rangeof 120 to 180° C. or within a range of the melting temperature of thesecond material.

Optionally, said layer has a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm.

The mesh, after bonding, may have a pouch at a center of the loopmember.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: covering a wire of afirst material with a layer of a second material; manipulating the wirealong with the layer to form the loop member, wherein the loop memberhas a shape and wherein the loop member has a first dimension along alongitudinal axis passing through a center of the loop member and asecond dimension along another axis perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis and also passing through the center of the loop member; placing theloop member on a base fixture to be held, at least in part, by aplurality of magnets embedded within the base fixture, wherein the heldloop member circumscribes a hollow portion formed within the basefixture, said hollow portion configured to receive a pouch form fixture;placing the mesh over the loop member, wherein the mesh is of a thirdmaterial, wherein the mesh at least partially covers a circumference ofthe loop member along with the hollow portion and wherein portions ofthe mesh extend beyond a circumference of the loop member; placing thepouch form fixture over the mesh thereby pressing the mesh into thehollow portion; transferring heat to the layer to cause the secondmaterial to partially melt and become tacky, slightly sticky, orpartially wet while the mesh is held over the loop member; allowing themesh to fuse with said partially melted second material of said layeralong a circumference of said loop member and form a secure bond oncooling; and trimming said portions of the mesh extending beyond thecircumference of the loop member, wherein the loop member along with theattached mesh is collapsible by retracting into a lumen of a sheath andexpandable to said shape when extended out of said sheath.

The shape of the loop member may be any one of oval, circular, teardrop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral, and polygonal.

The first dimension may be longer than said second dimension.Optionally, said first dimension ranges from 30 to 70 millimeters andsaid second dimension ranges from 15 to 40 millimeters. Alternatively,said first dimension is equal to said second dimension. Stillalternatively, said first dimension is less than said second dimension.

The first material of said wire may be Nitinol, steel or stainlesssteel.

The second material of said layer may be polymeric. Optionally, thesecond material of said layer is Nylon, Pebax or PET.

The third material of said mesh may be polymeric. Optionally, the thirdmaterial of said mesh is Nylon or PET.

The layer may be coated over said wire.

Optionally, said layer is a hollow tube into which said wire isinserted.

The mesh may have a shape approximating said shape of said loop member.

Heat may be transferred to said second material of said layer by heatingsaid wire. Optionally, said wire is heated electrically using anexternal electrical source.

Optionally, heat is transferred to said second material of said layer byheating said loop member while said mesh is held over said loop member.Optionally, said loop member is heated by exposing said loop member to ablast of hot air, wherein said hot air has a temperature within a rangeof 120 to 180° C. or within a range of the melting temperature of thesecond material.

Optionally, said layer has a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm.

The mesh, after bonding, may have a pouch at the center of the loopmember.

The present specification also discloses a method of attaching a mesh toa loop member, the method comprising the steps of: manipulating a wireto form a shaped wire, wherein the wire is of a first material; coveringthe shaped wire with a layer of a second material to form the loopmember; placing the loop member on a base fixture to be held, at leastin part, by a plurality of magnets embedded within the base fixture,wherein the held loop member encloses, there between, a hollow portionformed within the base fixture, said hollow portion configured toreceive a pouch form fixture; placing the mesh over the loop member,wherein the mesh is of a third material, wherein the mesh at leastpartially covers a circumference of the loop member along with thehollow portion and wherein portions of the mesh extend beyond acircumference of the loop member; placing the pouch form fixture overthe mesh to press the mesh into the hollow portion; transferring heat tothe layer to cause the second material to partially melt and becometacky, slightly sticky, or partially wet while the mesh is held over theloop member; allowing the mesh to bond with said partially melted secondmaterial of said layer; and trimming said portions of the mesh extendingbeyond the circumference of the loop member, wherein the loop memberalong with the attached mesh is collapsible by retracting into a lumenof a sheath and expandable to said shape when extended out of saidsheath.

The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present specificationshall be described in greater depth in the drawings and detaileddescription provided below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will befurther appreciated, as they become better understood by reference tothe following detailed description when considered in connection withthe accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1A is a bottom perspective view of a snare loop in accordance withan embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 1B is a side perspective view of the snare loop of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a target object capture and retrievalsnare device in accordance with an embodiment, also showing an enlargedportion;

FIG. 2B is an enlarged, perspective view of a portion of a snare loophaving a porous mesh in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 2C is a top perspective view showing the snare loop, with meshremoved, in a tear-drop configuration, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of a tubular member or sheath, withinwhich the snare loop of FIG. 1A is stored and in a fully retracted orcollapsed position;

FIG. 4 is a cross-section, schematic view of a coated loop member of thesnare loop, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 5A illustrates the coated loop member of the snare loop, inaccordance with some embodiments of the present specification;

FIG. 5B illustrates the coated loop member of the snare loop, inaccordance with another embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 6 illustrates a wavelength spectrum of visible light of wavelengthranges that are emitted by the scopes and reflected by the snare loop,in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 7A represents a planar view of a loop member comprising a fastener,bind or clasp, such as at least one weld, at a proximal end of the loopin accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 7B shows the fastener, such as a weld, having a roughly cut andthus, corrugated or jagged cut surface;

FIG. 7C shows the fastener, such as a weld, cut such that it results ina smooth cut surface;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fixture used to attach, bond orconnect the mesh to the coated loop member, in an embodiment;

FIG. 9 illustrates a thermal bonding mechanism wherein the mesh isbonded to the coated loop member;

FIG. 10 illustrates the use of a laser beam, in accordance with anembodiment, to cut extending portions of the mesh bonded to the coatedloop member;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a mesh cutting die, used to cutextending portions of the mesh bonded to the coated loop member;

FIG. 12 illustrates a portion of the mesh bonded along a proximal lengthof the coated loop member, forming a shrink tube that reinforces theproximal end of the coated loop member; and,

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps ofattaching/connecting a mesh/net to a coated loop member, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present specification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A surgical snare or retrieval device for retrieving an object fromwithin a human subject is disclosed. The snare device is designed foruse within an endoscope and may be used for retrieving relatively heavyobjects within relatively tight lumens, such as for example, an impactedfood bolus from the esophagus. In discussing the device, the termsdistal and proximal are used with respect to an operator's hand. Inother words, when the device is used within a working/service channel ofan endoscope or similar device, the proximal and distal orientations arerelative to the surgeon or operator of the device, wherein a proximalposition represents a portion of the device close to the surgeon oroperator of the device and a distal position represents the far tip ofthe device that is directed toward the patient.

The present specification is directed towards multiple embodiments. Thefollowing disclosure is provided in order to enable a person havingordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Language used inthis specification should not be interpreted as a general disavowal ofany one specific embodiment or used to limit the claims beyond themeaning of the terms used therein. The general principles defined hereinmay be applied to other embodiments and applications without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terminology andphraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodimentsand should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is tobe accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives,modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles andfeatures disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating totechnical material that is known in the technical fields related to theinvention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarilyobscure the present invention.

It should be noted herein that any feature or component described inassociation with a specific embodiment may be used and implemented withany other embodiment unless clearly indicated otherwise.

In the description and claims of the application, each of the words“comprise” “include” and “have”, and forms thereof, are not necessarilylimited to members in a list with which the words may be associated.

As used herein, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” mean “at least one”or “one or more” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

It is noted that the term “endoscope” as mentioned to herein may referparticularly to a colonoscope and a gastroscope according to someembodiments, but is not limited only to colonoscopes and gastroscopes.The term “endoscope” may refer to any instrument used to examine theinterior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are, respectively, bottom and side perspective views ofa snare loop 101, while FIGS. 2A and 3 are, respectively, perspectiveand longitudinal cross-section views of a target object capture andretrieval snare device 100 in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. Referring now to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A and 3, thesnare loop 101 comprises a flexible and extensible coated loop member105 (hereinafter interchangeably also referred to as a “loop”) to whicha mesh or net 110 is severably, removably, but securely attached orconnected. The loop member 105 is described as “coated” because the wireof the loop 105 is coated or enveloped by a bonding material, asdiscussed below with reference to FIG. 3. The snare device 100 furthercomprises a tubular member or sheath 115 having an elongate body with aproximal end 115 a and a distal end 115 b, and a passage or lumen 120within for retrievably storing, therein, the coated loop member 105 withthe attached mesh or net 110 when in a fully collapsed and retractedposition, as depicted in FIG. 3.

In one embodiment, the mesh or net 110 is formed by a process such as,but not limited to, wrap knitting a plurality of strands of a polymericmaterial such as Nylon or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) (or otherpolymers described later in this specification) while the tubular memberor sheath 115 is fabricated from an insulating flexible materialincluding high density polyethylene (HDPE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)resins or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, such as Teflon® andFluon®. In accordance with an embodiment, the polymeric material of themesh, net or web 110 has elastomeric properties such that the polymericmaterial may be advanced, stretched or elongated by a minimum of 10% to40% in a machine direction (MD) and advanced, stretched or elongated bya minimum of 20% to 70% in a cross machine direction (CMD). Persons ofordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the term “machinedirection” (MD) is used herein to refer to the direction of materialflow through a process while the term “cross-machine direction” (CMD) isused herein to refer to a direction that is generally perpendicular tothe machine direction. In various embodiments, the mesh 110 has aporosity ranging between 15 and 40 holes per cm². In some embodiments,the thickness of the polymeric material forming the mesh or net 110ranges between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm. Alternatively, the mesh 110 may be acontinuous membrane or web of a polymeric material. Also, in variousembodiments, the mesh, net or web 110 is textured or non-textured. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the mesh, net or web 110 comprises apouch or sag 145 upon bonding the mesh 110 with the coated loop member105. FIG. 2B is an enlarged, perspective view of a portion of the snareloop 101 including a mesh 110 which comprises a plurality of ‘shaped’pores in accordance with various embodiments. In one embodiment, asshown in FIG. 2B, each of the plurality of pores of the mesh 110 areshaped in the form of a six sided polygon or a hexagon. In variousalternate embodiments, each of the plurality of pores may have shapessuch as, but not limited to, circular, triangular, square, rectangular,pentagon or any other multi-sided polygon shape.

The sheath 115 has a distal opening 122, in communication with its lumen120, through which the coated loop member 105 can be partially or fullyextended for deployment and can be partially or fully retracted forstorage. The extension and retraction of the coated loop member 105,from within the sheath lumen 120, is effectuated, in one embodiment,using a motion transmission link 170 that connects to a proximal end 107of the coated loop member 105 through a proximal opening 124 of thesheath 115. In various embodiments, the motion transmission link 170 isa hollow tube, a twisted strand wire or a braided wire of suitable rigidmaterial, such as stainless steel. When an operator pulls the link 170out from the proximal opening 124, the coated loop member 105 isretracted into the sheath 115, whereas when the operator pushes the link170 into the proximal opening 124, the coated loop member 105 extendsout beyond the distal opening 122 of the sheath 115.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the sheath 115 extends distally from a distal end196 a of a handle assembly 196. In one embodiment, a length of thesheath 115 proximate the distal end 196 a of the handle assembly 196includes a shaft strain relief 197. The shaft strain relief 197 overlayssheath 115 and provides strain relief to the rigid motion transmissionlink 170 (shown in FIG. 3) as the transmission link 170 is advanced intothe sheath 115 to deploy the snare loop. The shaft strain relief 197ensures smooth movement of the transmission link 170 to facilitateproper deployment of the snare loop.

FIG. 4 is a cross-section schematic view of the coated loop member 105of a target object capture and retrieval device, fabricated according toan aspect of the present specification. Referring now to FIGS. 1A, 1B,2A, 3, and 4, at the core of the coated loop member 105 is a wire 130 ofdiameter ‘d’ constructed of a resilient yet durable and conductingmaterial that is amenable to be formed into a desired loop shape. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the diameter ‘d’ of the wire 130 rangesfrom 0.2 to 0.6 millimeters. When the coated loop member 105 is extended(FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2A) from its collapsed or retracted position (FIG. 3)within the tubular member or sheath 115, it automatically expands toretain its desired loop shaped configuration, thereby providing anopening to the attached mesh or net 110. Similarly, upon retraction intothe tubular member or sheath 115, the coated loop member 105 contractsalong with the attached mesh or net 110 and is compacted within thesheath lumen 120. In various embodiments, the wire 130 is made frombraided steel, metallic shape memory alloys such as Nitinol, or anyother suitable material that is flexible, a conductor of heat andelectricity and at the same time sufficiently resilient to maintain itsdesired loop shape when deployed.

In one embodiment, the desired expanded shape of the wire 130, andtherefore of the coated loop member 105, is a tear-drop shape (as shownin FIG. 2C illustrating the coated loop member 105 with its mesh/netremoved), while in alternate embodiments the desired expanded shape isoval (FIGS. 1A, 1B), circular, square, rectangular, quadrilateral,polygonal, or any other suitable shape that would be advantageouslyevident to persons of ordinary skill in the art. Referring to FIG. 1A,in one embodiment described with respect to the oval or tear-drop shape,the loop has a first dimension L₁ along a longitudinal axis 150 passingthrough a reference center 155 of the loop and a second dimension L₂along another axis 165 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinalaxis 150 and also passing through the reference center 155 of the loop.In various embodiments, the first dimension L₁ is greater than thesecond dimension L₂. In some embodiments, the first dimension L₁ isequal to the second dimension L₂. In still other embodiments, the firstdimension L₁ is less than the second dimension L₂. In accordance withvarious embodiments, when the desired shape of the wire 130 is tear-dropor oval, the first dimension L₁ ranges from 30 to 70 millimeters and thesecond dimension L₂ ranges from 15 to 40 millimeters.

Referring back to FIG. 4, in accordance with an aspect of the presentspecification, the wire 130 is coated by, or enveloped into, a layer 135having a thickness ‘t’ and composed of a polymeric material that, in oneembodiment, functions as a ‘self-bonding adhesive’. As used herein, theterm ‘self-bonding adhesive’ is defined to mean a material that can bealtered (or partially melted), as by the application of heat or asolvent, to become sufficiently tacky or sticky that it will form asecure bond with another polymeric material and/or metal upon cooling.The self-bonding adhesive' will bond the mesh to the loop in the area ofcontact between the two and provide a solid connection once the adhesivehas cooled. For purposes of the present specification, tacky is definedas having a sticky quality or being partially wet or not being fully dryand increased tackiness is defined as having an increased sticky qualityor being partially wet or not being fully dry, thereby increasing itsstickiness quality. Polymeric materials, when heated to a temperatureless than their decomposition or ignition temperatures, becomethermoplastic with sufficient tackiness, or adhesive properties, to bondto a similar surface or a dissimilar surface, such as metal. Examples ofpolymeric materials comprise polyolefins, PET (PolyethyleneTerephthalate), polyurethanes, polynorbornenes, polyethers,polyacrylates, polyamides (Polyether block amide also referred to asPebax), polysiloxanes, polyether amides, polyether esters,trans-polyisoprenes, polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA), cross-linkedtrans-polyoctylenes, cross-linked polyethylenes, cross-linkedpolyisoprenes, cross-linked polycyclooctenes, inorganic-organic hybridpolymers, co-polymer blends with polyethylene and Kraton®,styrene-butadiene co-polymers, urethane-butadiene co-polymers,polycaprolactone or oligo caprolactone co-polymers, polylactic acid(PLLA) or polylactide (PL/DLA) co-polymers, PLLA-polyglycolic acid (PGA)co-polymers, and photocrosslinkable polymers.

In one embodiment, the polymeric material of the layer 135 is Nylon orPebax. In one embodiment, the layer 135 is formed by coating the wire130 with polymeric material, such as Pebax, using conventional methodssuch as extrusion, over-molding or dipping. In another embodiment, thelayer 135 is a hollow tube of polymeric material, such as Pebax, intowhich the wire 130 is inserted such that the tube envelopes or coversthe wire 130 like a sheath. In some embodiments, the layer 135 in theform of a hollow tube has an internal diameter ranging between 0.3 mmand 1.0 mm and an outer diameter ranging between 0.5 mm and 1.50 mm. Invarious embodiments, the layer 135 in the form of coating or hollow tubeof polymeric material, such as Pebax, has a thickness ‘t’ ranging from0.05 mm to 0.6 mm.

FIG. 5A shows an embodiment of the snare loop 101 a wherein the layer135 (in the form of coating or hollow tube) continuously envelops orcovers the wire 130. In an alternate embodiment, shown as the snare loop101 b in FIG. 5B, layer 135 is segmented into a plurality of segmentssuch that a plurality of portions 130′ of the wire 130 remain bare orwithout the coating or hollow tube (layer 135). This discontinuous orsegmented layer 135 provides the mesh 110 more flexibility to deformwhen the snare loop 101 is being extended or retracted. In accordancewith an aspect, the layer 135 (in the form of coating or hollow tube)and/or the mesh 110 has a bright color such as, but not limited to,blue, green, or red. The bright color of the layer 135 and/or mesh 110enables improved visibility of the loop and the loop boundaries whilethe loop 101 is in fluidic communication with bodily fluids, such asduring an endoscopic procedure. In various embodiments, color is addedto the layer 135 and/or mesh 110 of the snare loop 101 a or 101 b usingmasterbatch mixing, pigment blending with or without preliminarycompounding, liquid colorant addition, or decoration procedures. In anembodiment, using masterbatch mixing, a polyamide having a viscositysimilar to the viscosity of the base material (for example, Pebax) iscompounded with the base material. In various embodiments, the rate ofincorporation of the polyamide coloring is between 0.3% and 3%. Invarious embodiments, methods for decorating the layer 135 and/or mesh110 with the color include laser printing, hot printing, ink printing,clear coat and lacquers, and in-mold techniques, such as co-molding,insert-molding, and in-mold labeling. In an embodiment, afterdecoration, the layer 135 and/or mesh 110 can be thermoformed andstamped for snare loop assembly.

In accordance with various aspects, the bright color of the layer 135and/or the mesh 110 is such that when the snare loop 101 a or 101 b isexposed to light having wavelengths in a first range of 400 to 750 nm(full visible spectrum), it reflects light having a wavelength in asecond range.

In another embodiment, the snare loop may be exposed to light havingwavelengths emitted by conventional illuminators or LEDs used inendoscope devices. In an embodiment, the snare loop is exposed to lightfrom an endoscopic light source, such as a fiber optic light or LED thatemits wavelengths ranging from 400 to 750 nm or emits wavelengths in asub-portion thereof In another embodiment, the snare loop is exposed tolight from an endoscopic light source, such as a fiber optic light orLED that emits wavelengths ranging from 400 to 750 nm with an increasedemission at or around blue (450 nm) or green (550 nm).

In one embodiment, the second range is 380 to 750 nm. In anotherembodiment, the snare loop reflects light having a wavelength in secondranges 605, 610; however, excluding (and thus absorbing) a third range615 as illustrated in the visible light spectrum 600 of FIG. 6.Therefore, in another embodiment, the second ranges 605, 610 correspondsto a wavelength in a range of 380 to 570 nm and a range of 620 to 750nm, respectively, while the third range 615 corresponds to a wavelengthin a range of 571 to 619 nm, which is not reflected. It should beappreciated that the layer 135 and/or mesh 110 that reflect wavelengthsin the second ranges 605, 610 are readily viewable and identifiable evenwhen submerged in or smeared with bodily fluids during an endoscopicprocedure.

Conventional snare loops that may be made from non-coated or baremetallic materials that appear silvery or gray in color since metalsreflect almost an entire wavelength spectrum of visible light impingingon them. All wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by metals becauseof the continuously available empty electron states, which permitelectron transitions. Most of the absorbed radiation is reemitted fromthe surface of metals in the form of visible light which appears asreflected light. Similarly, conventional meshes are also whitish gray incolor. Since conventional snare loops and meshes typically appearsilvery, whitish or gray their visibility is impaired particularly whenin fluidic communication with bodily fluids. In contrast to previousdesigns, the snare loop and/or mesh of the present specification reflectspecific wavelength ranges, such as those corresponding to the secondranges 605, 610, but not all wavelengths of the visible spectrum 600 (asreflected by metals). Accordingly, the snare loop is comprised ofmaterials that reflect all wavelengths of the visible spectrum 600, withthe exception of wavelengths in a range of 571 to 619 nm.

During a process of manufacturing or assembling the snare loop 101 ofthe present specification, in one embodiment, the wire 130 is first bentor folded into a desired loop shape and thereafter coated or envelopedwith the layer 135. In an alternate embodiment, however, the wire 130 isfirst coated or enveloped with the layer 135 and thereafter bent orfolded into a desired loop shape. In some embodiments, the wire 130which is already bent or folded into the desired loop shape comprises afastener, bind or clasp 140 at the proximal end of the loop 105, asshown in FIG. 7A. In various embodiments, the fastener, bind or clasp140 includes at least one weld, hypo tube, at least one clip or anyother fixture to hold together the proximal arms 141, 142 resulting frombending of the wire 130 into the loop 105. However, the fastener, bindor clasp 140 interferes in embodiments where the wire 130 needs to beenveloped within a hollow tube 135. Therefore, in one embodiment, thefastener 140, such as at least one weld, is cut without damaging thewire 130 while also maintaining a smooth area or surface at the cut. Afastener or bind, such as a weld, improperly or roughly cut, hascorrugated or jagged surface 143, as shown in FIG. 7B, while a properlycut fastener or bind, such as the weld, results in a smooth surface 143′as shown in FIG. 7C. In various embodiments, the wire 130 and/or theinternal channel of the hollow tube 135 may be coated with a drylubricant to reduce friction during the process of sheathing the wire130 within the hollow tube 135. Non-limiting examples of dry lubricantsinclude PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) powder, McLube, Silicon oil, etc.In some embodiments, however, the wire 130 is bent or folded into thedesired loop shape without a weld. In such embodiments, sheathing thewire 130 within the hollow tube 135 is easily accomplished.

Hereinafter referring simultaneously to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, 3, 4, 5A, and5B, along with FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C and 8-12, in accordance with anembodiment of the present specification, to attach the mesh or net 110to the coated loop member 105, the mesh or net 110 is placed and heldover the coated loop member 105 and the wire 130 is heated. The shape ofthe mesh 110 is approximated to the shape of the coated loop member 105.Also, the size of the mesh 110 is chosen such that portions of the mesh110 extend beyond the circumference of the underlying coated loop member105 along the edges of mesh 110. In one embodiment, the mesh 110 has anintentional slack while being placed over the coated loop member 105.The slack results in the formation of a pouch 145 preferably at thecenter 155 of the coated loop member 105 after the mesh 110 is attachedor connected thereto.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a base fixture 175 that is used to attachthe mesh 110 to the coated loop member 105. The base fixture 175comprises a loop holding area 176, on the upper surface 177 thatapproximates the shape of the coated loop member 105. The loop holdingarea 176, in one embodiment, comprises a plurality of magnets 178 thatfirmly hold the coated loop member 105 in place once the coated loopmember 105 is placed over the loop holding area 176. The loop holdingarea 176 defines a hollow portion there between and formed within thebase fixture 175. The hollow portion is configured to receive a pouchform fixture 180 therein.

For assembling, the coated loop member 105 is placed over the loopholding area 176 so that the coated loop member 105 is firmly held bythe plurality of magnets 178. The plurality of magnets 178, in oneembodiment, are embedded within the base fixture 175 to lieapproximately along the circumference or boundary defined by the loopholding area 176. Next, the mesh 110 is placed over the held coated loopmember 105. At this point, the mesh 110 covers the coated loop member105 such that portions of the mesh 110 along its edges extend beyond thecircumference of the underlying coated loop member 105. The pouch formfixture 180 is then placed over the portion of the mesh 110 lying abovethe hollow portion thereby causing, pressing or forcing the mesh 110into the hollow portion. This pressing of the mesh 110 to fill thehollow portion results in the formation of the pouch 145 (shown in FIG.1B). In accordance with an aspect, the mesh 110 is held in place by atleast the weight of the pouch form fixture 180. A plurality of guide pinholes 182 allow corresponding guide pins to be inserted therein to holdand/or keep the mesh 110, loop 105 and pouch form fixture 180 togetherin alignment.

To attach or connect the mesh 110 to the coated loop member 105, thewire 130 is heated to an appropriate temperature, causing the layer 135of polymeric material, such as Nylon or Pebax, to partially melt, softenand become sufficiently tacky or sticky without burning or decomposing.The appropriate temperature depends at least on the specific polymericmaterial being used. In one embodiment, heat is transferred to the layer135 by electrically heating the wire 130 using an external electricalcircuit/source. In an alternate embodiment, heat is transferred to thelayer 135 by subjecting the coated loop member 105 to a blast of hot airwhile the overlying mesh 110 is held firmly thereupon. In variousembodiments, the hot air has a temperature within a range of 120 to 180°C. or within a range of the melting temperature of the bonding material.In some embodiments, heating is achieved within an oven. In anembodiment, the oven is pre-heated to a specific temperature beforeplacing in it the stated wire and mesh apparatus. In still anotherembodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, heat is transferred to the layer 135 byhot ironing, thermal pressing or thermal welding the mesh 110 along itsedges overlying the circumference of the coated loop member 105 using ahot iron, thermal press 185 (or any other heat source evident to personsof ordinary skill in the art). As a result, the plurality of polymericstrands (such as Nylon, or PET strands, for example) of the mesh 110 arebonded to the loop wire by the tacky or sticky layer 135, thus forming asecure bond upon cooling.

Upon secure bonding of the mesh 110 with the layer 135 (and thereforethe coated loop member 105), as shown in FIG. 10, portions 186 of themesh 110 extending beyond the circumference of the coated loop member105 are cut or trimmed to remove loose ends or portions 186 (alsoreferred to as ‘extending portions’). In one embodiment, as shown inFIG. 10 a laser beam 187 is used to cut or trim the extending portions186. In an alternate embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, a mesh cutting die190 is used. As shown, the attached, bonded or fused mesh 110 and coatedloop member 105 assembly (hereinafter also referred to as ‘bondedassembly’) is placed and aligned between the guiding or alignment pins192 and 194. The cutting die 190 approximates the shape of the loopmember 105 and also has a hollow portion 195 that encompasses the formedpouch 145 when the die 190 is pressed over the ‘bonded assembly’.Forcing or force pressing the die 190 over the ‘bonded assembly’ resultsin cutting or trimming of the extending portions 186. Mating holes 192′receive the alignment pins 192 when the cutting die 190 is pressed overthe ‘bonded assembly’ to enable proper alignment of the die 190 withreference to the ‘bonded assembly’, thereby precisely cutting ortrimming of the extending portions 186. In still further embodiments,ultrasonic welding is employed to cut or trim the extending portion 186.Heat is generated via ultrasonic welding, thereby melting regions of themesh and cutting them.

As shown in FIG. 12, in accordance with an embodiment, portions of themesh 110 extending over a proximal length 198 of the loop 105 are fusedor bonded with a corresponding portion of the layer 135 along theproximal length 198. Post cutting or trimming of the extended portions186 (shown in FIGS. 10 and 11), the proximal length 198 retains thefused portions of the mesh 110 forming a shrink tube thereon, therebyholding together and providing sufficient reinforcement to the proximalarms 141, 142 (visible in FIG. 7A).

In accordance with alternate embodiments of the present specification,the mesh 110 is directly bonded to the wire 130, obviating a need forthe layer 135. In such embodiments, the mesh 110 is bonded to the wire130 using: an adhesive, which is subsequently dried; ultra-violet, laseror thermal welding; heat staking; or, any other method known to personsof ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the mesh 110 isdirectly glued to the wire 130 (without the need for the layer 135)using an UV (ultra-violet) cure adhesive in a curing process whereinhigh-intensity ultra-violet light or radiation is used to speed up thecuring or drying of the adhesive (by exposing or irradiating theadhesive with ultra-violet radiation). An example of an UV cure adhesiveis the Loctite® brand of adhesives sold by Henkel.

In use, the tubular member or sheath 115, having the flexible andextensible coated loop member 105 compacted within, is inserted througha working or service channel of an endoscope to position near a targetobject, such as a polyp, severed human tissue, foreign object orimpacted food bolus within a body lumen. When capture of the targetobject is about to be performed, the coated loop member 105 is extendedout from the tubular member or sheath 115 and, in the process,automatically expands, thereby providing an opening to the attached mesh110 and therefore to the pouch 145. In one embodiment, when the targetobject is captured in the mesh 110, the coated loop member 105 ispartially retracted to secure the target object within the mesh 110. Inanother embodiment, once the target object is captured in the mesh 110,the retrieval device and target object are removed from the patientwithout retracting the coated loop member 105 into the sheath 115. Inone embodiment, presence of the pouch 145 further aids in securelyretaining the target object.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps of a method offorming a coated loop member and attaching, bonding or connecting a meshor net to the coated loop member, in accordance with various embodimentsof the present specification. At step 1310, a wire is obtained. The wirehas a diameter ‘d’ and is of braided steel, stainless steel, Nitinol orany other shape memory alloy known to persons of ordinary skill in theart. In one embodiment, at step 1315 a, the wire is coated with orenveloped in a layer of polymeric material, such as but not limited toNylon or Pebax, of thickness ‘t’. The layer may be formed by coating thewire with the polymeric material or inserting the wire in a hollow tubeof polymeric material. The wire, coated or enveloped with the layer ofpolymeric material, is then manipulated, such as by bending or folding,into a loop of desired shape and size to form a coated loop member, atstep 1320 a. In another embodiment, at step 1315 b, the wire is firstmanipulated, such as by bending or folding, into a loop of desired shapeand size. Thereafter, at step 1320 b, the shaped loop wire is coatedwith or enveloped in a layer of polymeric material to form a coated loopmember.

In some embodiments, the wire which is first bent or folded into thedesired loop shape, at step 1315 b, comprises a fastener, bind or claspat a proximal end of the loop to hold together the proximal armsresulting from bending of the wire. In various embodiments, thefastener, bind or clasp includes at least one weld, hypo tube, at leastone clip or any other fixture evident to persons of ordinary skill inthe art. In such embodiments, the fastener, such as at least one weld,is first cut or removed prior to the step 1320 b of coating orenveloping the wire with a layer of polymeric material (such as a hollowtube, in one embodiment) to form the coated loop member.

In various embodiments, the desired shape of the loop is oval, circular,tear-drop, square, rectangular, quadrilateral or polygonal. In oneembodiment, the loop has a first dimension along a longitudinal axispassing through a center of the coated loop member and a seconddimension along another axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis andalso passing through the center of the coated loop member. In variousembodiments, the first dimension is longer than the second dimension. Insome embodiments, the first dimension is equal to the second dimension.In still other embodiments, the first dimension is less than the seconddimension. It should be appreciated that the coated loop member isformed either using step 1315 a followed by 1320 a or alternativelyusing step 1315 b followed by 1320 b.

Next, at step 1325, a mesh, web or net of polymeric material, such asbut not limited to Nylon, PET is obtained. The mesh is of a shapeapproximating the shape of the coated loop member and is of a size thatis somewhat larger than the size of the coated loop member. At step1330, the coated loop member is placed on a base fixture that has aplurality of magnets to hold the coated loop member in place.Thereafter, the mesh or net is placed and held over the coated loopmember such that portions of the mesh along its edges extend beyond thecircumference of the coated loop member. In some embodiments, the meshpartially covers a circumference of the loop member. In otherembodiments, the mesh completely covers a circumference of the loopmember. In one embodiment, a portion of the mesh, covering the center ofthe coated loop member, is pressed or forced to lie within a hollow,defined within the base fixture, using a pouch forming fixture (so thatthe mesh is held in place by at least the weight of the pouch formfixture). This causes the mesh to have an intentional slack while beingplaced over the coated loop member. The slack results in the formationof a pouch at the center of the coated loop member after the mesh isconnected to the coated loop member.

Now, at step 1335, heat is transferred to the layer of polymericmaterial. In one embodiment, the wire of the coated loop member isheated to an appropriate temperature causing the layer of polymericmaterial to partially melt, soften and become sufficiently tacky,slightly sticky, or partially wet without getting burnt or decomposing.Heat is transferred to the layer of polymeric material using methodssuch as, but not limited to, electrically heating the underlying wireusing an external electrical circuit or source such as an oven, exposingthe coated loop member to hot air blast (the mesh placed over the loopis firmly held in place while the hot air blast is blown over both),applying a hot iron, thermal press over the mesh along its boundaryoverlying the circumference of the coated loop member, or any othermethod that would be advantageously evident to persons of ordinary skillin the art. As a result, at step 1340, a plurality of strands of themesh, lying over the surface of the circumference of the coated loopmember, fuse with or get glued to the tacky or sticky layer and securelybond with the coated loop member upon cooling. Finally, at step 1345,portions of the bonded mesh extending beyond the circumference of thecoated loop member are cut or trimmed using a laser beam, ultrasonicwelding or a mesh cutting die. This ensures that there are no loose endsor strands extending beyond the coated loop member as this might causethe mesh to tear and/or damage surrounding tissue when in use duringendoscopic procedures.

The above examples are merely illustrative of the many applications ofthe methods and systems of present specification. Although only a fewembodiments of the present invention have been described herein, itshould be understood that the present invention might be embodied inmany other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention. Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to beconsidered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention may bemodified within the scope of the appended claims.

1-23. (canceled)
 24. A retrieval device comprising: a wire loop lying ina plane, wherein a plane of bisection bisects a wire of the wire loopinto a first side and a second side, wherein the plane of bisection isparallel to the plane in which the wire loop is lying; a bondingmaterial layered over and enveloping said wire loop, wherein the bondingmaterial includes a first section on the first side of the wire and asecond section on the second side of the wire; and a mesh bonded to saidbonding material and having an opening circumscribed by said wire loop,wherein the mesh includes a plurality of strands surrounding a pluralityof pores, portions of the plurality of strands being coupled to thefirst section of the bonding material, along an outer periphery of themesh, wherein the plurality of strands are only coupled to the firstsection; wherein at least one of said loop and said mesh comprise acolor such then when exposed to light in a first wavelength range,reflects light having a wavelength range of 400 nm to 570 nm and 620 nmto 750 nm and absorbs light having a wavelength range of 571 nm to 619nm.
 25. The device of claim 24, wherein said mesh has a porosity rangingbetween 15 and 40 pores per cm².
 26. The device of claim 24, whereinsaid pores have a hexagonal, circular, triangular, square, rectangular,pentagonal or multi-sided polygonal shape.
 27. The device of claim 24,wherein said mesh has been fixedly bonded to said bonding materialthrough a process of heating said bonding material to a tacky state,placing an outer edge of said mesh over said bonding material, andallowing said bonding material to cool.
 28. A retrieval devicecomprising: a snare loop, including: a central opening, a loop membersurrounding the central opening and lying in a plane, wherein a plane ofbisection bisects a wire of the loop member into a first side and asecond side, wherein the plane of bisection is parallel to the plane inwhich the wire loop is lying, and a layer of material that overlies theloop member, wherein the layer of material includes a first section onthe first side of the wire and a second section on the second side ofthe wire; and a mesh extending across the central opening of the snareloop, wherein said mesh defines a plurality of pores, and wherein eachpore is defined by a plurality of sides each consisting of a strand of aplurality of strands of the mesh, wherein each of the plurality ofstrands includes a plurality of openings, wherein each of the pluralityof openings is smaller than each of the plurality of pores; whereinportions of the plurality of strands are coupled to the layer ofmaterial along an outer periphery of the mesh, wherein the portions ofthe plurality of strands are only coupled to the first section.
 29. Theretrieval device of claim 28, wherein each of the plurality of pores ishexagonal.
 30. The retrieval device of claim 28, wherein the layer ofmaterial is colored such that when the layer of material is exposed tolight having a wavelength in a first range, the layer of materialreflects light having a wavelength in a second range different from thefirst range.
 31. The retrieval device of claim 28, further comprising asheath, including: a lumen, a proximal end, a distal end, and a distalopening, wherein the lumen extends between the proximal end and thedistal end, and wherein the lumen is in communication with the distalopening; and a drive element extending through the lumen of the sheathto the snare loop, wherein movement of the drive element within thelumen of the sheath is configured to: move at least a portion of thesnare loop, and at least a portion of the mesh, distally out of thedistal opening of the sheath, and move at least the portion of the snareloop, and at least the portion of the mesh, proximally into the distalopening of the sheath, wherein the portions of the plurality of strandsremain stationary relative to the layer of material as the snare loopand the mesh move through the distal opening of the sheath.
 32. Theretrieval device of claim 31, wherein the portions of the plurality ofstrands remain stationary relative to the layer of material as the snareloop and the mesh move through the distal opening of the sheath.
 33. Theretrieval device of claim 30, wherein a color of the layer of materialis blue.
 34. The retrieval device of claim 30, wherein the reflectedlight has a wavelength of between 380 and 570 nm.
 35. The retrievaldevice of claim 30, wherein the reflected light has a wavelength ofbetween 620 to 750 nm.
 36. A retrieval device comprising: a wire looplying in a plane, wherein a plane of bisection bisects a wire of thewire loop into a first side and a second side, wherein the plane ofbisection is parallel to the plane in which the wire loop is lying; alayer of material enveloping the wire loop, wherein the layer ofmaterial includes a first section on the first side of the wire and asecond section on the second side of the wire; and a mesh bonded to thelayer of material and having an opening circumscribed by said wire loop,wherein the mesh includes a plurality of strands and a plurality ofpores between the plurality of strands, wherein portions of theplurality of strands are coupled to the layer of material, wherein theportions of the plurality of strands are positioned along an outerperiphery of the mesh and include one or more terminal ends, and whereinthe one or more terminal ends are directly coupled to, and enveloped by,the layer of material, wherein the one or more terminal ends are onlycoupled to the first section; wherein at least one of said wire loop andsaid mesh comprise a color such then when exposed to light in a firstwavelength range, reflects light having a wavelength range of 400 nm to570 nm and 620 nm to 750 nm and absorbs light having a wavelength rangeof 571 nm to 619 nm.
 37. The device of claim 36, wherein each pore isdefined by a plurality of sides each consisting of a strand of theplurality of strands of the mesh, and wherein each of the plurality ofstrands includes a plurality of openings, wherein each of the pluralityof openings is smaller than each of the plurality of pores.
 38. Thedevice of claim 36, wherein a color of the layer of material is blue.39. The device of claim 36, wherein the mesh has a porosity rangingbetween 15 and 40 pores per cm².
 40. The device of claim 36, wherein thewire loop includes a first proximal arm and a second proximal arm, thedevice further comprising: a tubular sheath comprising an elongate body,a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen within, wherein said flexiblewire loop with bonded mesh is adapted to be retractable into said lumenand adapted to be extendable out of said lumen through an opening atsaid distal end of said tubular sheath, and a drive strand extendingthrough the lumen of the tubular sheath to the wire loop, whereinmovement of the drive strand within the lumen of the tubular sheath isconfigured to move the snare loop and the mesh relative to the sheath,and wherein the portions of the plurality of strands that are coupled tothe layer of material remain fixed relative to the layer of materialduring movement of the snare loop and the mesh into and out of thedistal opening of the sheath; and a shrink tube configured to secure thefirst proximal arm to the second proximal arm, wherein the firstproximal arm and second proximal arm contact each other within theshrink tube, and wherein the shrink tube comprises portions of the mesh.41. The device of claim 36, wherein the plurality of pores have ahexagonal, circular, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal ormulti-sided polygonal shape.
 42. The device of claim 36, wherein theportions of the plurality of strands are fused to the layer of material.43. The device of claim 36, wherein the mesh may be advanced, stretchedor elongated by a minimum of 10% to 40% in a machine direction andadvanced, stretched or elongated by a minimum of 20% to 70% in a crossmachine direction.